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Fixed flame detectors are sophisticated devices designed to identify the presence of fire flames by sensing the unique radiant energy they emit. Understanding their working mechanisms is crucial for appreciating their role in safety systems. Primarily, these detectors utilize optical sensors tuned to specific wavelengths characteristic of flames. The most common technologies include Ultraviolet (UV), Infrared (IR), combined UV/IR, and Multi-spectrum IR detectors.
UV detectors operate by sensing the ultraviolet radiation emitted at the moment of ignition. This radiation is typically in the 185 to 260 nanometer range. They offer very fast response times but can be susceptible to false alarms from sources like welding arcs, lightning, or halogen lamps. IR detectors, on the other hand, are designed to sense the infrared radiation emitted by hot gases produced during combustion, often focusing on the specific spectral peaks associated with CO2. They are less prone to false alarms from welding or sunlight compared to UV detectors but might have slower response times or be triggered by other heat sources.
To enhance reliability and reduce false alarms, combination detectors like UV/IR or multi-spectrum IR were developed. UV/IR detectors require both UV and IR radiation signatures consistent with a flame to be present simultaneously before triggering an alarm. Multi-spectrum IR detectors analyze multiple specific IR wavelengths and compare their ratios and patterns against known flame characteristics and flicker frequencies. This sophisticated analysis allows them to effectively discriminate between actual fires and various false alarm sources, making them highly reliable fixed flame detectors for demanding industrial applications.